The main directions of ensuring the economic security of housing construction
The main directions of economic security in the field of housing construction are analyzed, the factors influencing the economic security of housing construction are identified. Criteria for monitoring the level of economic security in the field of residential construction have been developed and system indicators have been identified that must be taken into account when monitoring.
Under the influence of various factors that negatively affect the level of economic security in the construction industry, causing the onset of crisis situations, it becomes necessary to create a system for monitoring the state of safety indicators to ensure the possibility of preventing the onset of crisis situations and taking measures necessary to level the negative consequences. Thus, monitoring can be considered as a preventive tool that allows you to record deviations of economic indicators from threshold values [2].
The organization of monitoring of economic security is caused by the need to obtain reliable information about the indicators of economic security and prompt response to emerging problems. The organization of monitoring is one of the most difficult both in theoretical and methodological and practical terms, since it includes a number of indicators related to various spheres of society: the volume of housing construction, the state of the housing stock, employment, the level of real incomes of the population, inflation, etc. [4]
Monitoring includes the determination of the standard value of the measured indicators, the collection of information on the actual values of the estimated indicators, the comparison of the measured indicators with the standard values. It should be carried out continuously to identify the dynamics in changing indicators and in the overall assessment of the level of economic security of the industry. The main segment of the organization of economic security monitoring is the allocation of a list of indicators-indicators focused on identifying threats.
The main indicators include:
- the volume of commissioning of construction facilities in dynamics;
- the area of residential premises per inhabitant on average;
- the proportion of dilapidated and dilapidated housing in the housing stock;
- housing affordability index;
- coefficient of housing affordability;
- unemployment rate;
- the level of real incomes of citizens;
- the level of poverty.
It is very difficult to give an accurate assessment of the level of ensuring economic security in the field of housing construction, since it is necessary to take into account the complexity of the system, the presence in its composition of both weak segments and quite effective ones aimed at ensuring the well-being of citizens. In addition, the complexity is also a large number of factors affecting the indicators of economic security. The result of the ongoing monitoring is the assessment of critical points in the assessment system, the identification of indicators that are below the standard value. In order to organize effective monitoring and increase the reliability of the results obtained, it is necessary to ensure the timely collection and transfer of all data to the state statistics authorities. Publications in the open press, Internet sources, data on the state of various sectors of the real estate market, reports of various organizations involved in the field of housing construction and the sale and purchase of housing can serve as a source of additional information. The safe and stable development of housing construction and the provision of affordable housing to the population depends on high-quality information support from government agencies. Based on the data obtained on the state of the housing stock, sources of financing for housing construction, the level of real incomes of citizens and other indicators, it is possible to predict the development of housing construction and select strategic directions for its financing and support in general. Note that when conducting a rapid assessment, the damage from each identified threat to economic security should be understood. It is important to understand that damage cannot always be quantified. In addition, the damage and its nature differ depending on the sphere of the economy: the real sector or the social sphere, etc. Depending on the severity of the damage that the identified threats can cause, it becomes necessary to determine the order of their overcoming. Here, the main criteria should be the severity of the damage caused by the identified threat and the timing of its onset.
Monitoring of the factors that determine the threat to economic security is carried out initially in the preparation of analytical materials and documents on the socio-economic development of the country. It is necessary to make monitoring of the factors that determine threats to economic security an integral, organic part of the analytical work. It should also be carried out at the stage of forecasting in order to develop strategic directions of state policy to ensure the economic security of Ukraine in the field of housing construction. An analysis of the economic development of the country for the period before forecasting is currently being carried out, but the problems of economic security are not always specifically worked out. The development of strategic directions of state policy to ensure the economic security of Ukraine at the pre-forecast stage requires the allocation of a separate stage of the monitoring of the factors that determine the threat to economic security.
References
- Nikitina, A.V. (2015), “The control system of economic security”, available at: http://zbirnuk.bukuniver.edu.ua/ed_work/n_8/25.pdf (Accessed 12 June 2015).
- Andriienko, V. M. (2014), Bezpeka pratsi iak skladova systemy ekonomichnoi bezpeky budivel’nykh pidpryiemstv [Labour safety as a component of economic security construction companies], Vyd(vo TOV “MAKLAUT”, Cherkasy, Ukraine.
- Otenko, I.P. Ivaschenko, H. A. and Voronkov, D. K. (2012), Ekonomichna bezpeka pidpryiemstva [Economic security of enterprise], KhNEU, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
- Kushniruk, A.O. (2012), “Formation of the economic efficiency of the construction firm as a base to ensure its economic security”, Ekonomichnyj prostir, vol. 68, pp.188—194.